What is the Pelvic Floor?

The pelvic floor muscle is between the pubic bone at the front and the tailbone. It can be thought of as a hammock between the pelvis bones. These muscles support the organs that pass through it including the bladder, bowel, and uterus. Their purpose is to keep the passages shut by firmly wrapping around them. Not only do these muscles control the opening of some organs, but they are also a part of the core muscles, which help the hips and spine move, provide spinal and pelvic stability, and help maintain posture.

The diagram above shows a clear vision of how the pelvic floor is positioned in our bodies; now, does it make sense why it’s called “floor”?

For women, it is very common for the pelvic floor to weaken. Many reasons are a consequence of human evolution, childbirth, aging, and lifestyle factors. The pelvic floor goes through extensive change during childbirth due to the hormonal changes and its stretching during vaginal delivery. Chronic constipation is regularly having to strain to empty the bowels and is another cause as it can overstretch and weaken the pelvic floor muscles. Continual coughing due to smoking or asthma, lifting, exercise, and being overweight have been reported to be risk factors for incontinence as well. A risk in young healthy women can be rigorous gym activities. And as women age, the muscles of the bladder lose tone and elasticity, therefore, becoming less effective in controlling urine flow.

Consider seeing a licensed pelvic floor physical therapist if you’re interested in improving bladder or bowel control or if you’re experiencing pain in the pelvic region. Common pelvic floor disorders include incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, abdominal separation (diastasis recti), and pain during intercourse (dyspareunia). 

Sources: Continence Foundation of Australia, Johnson Memorial Health, Nursing Times